2009

Russian human rights activist Natalya Estemirova is assassinated in Chechnya

• Murders of human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov

• Russian special services are trying to influence the European Parliament election in Estonia in a way that would lead to election of somebody loyal to Kremlin

• Russia stops gas supplies to Ukraine after the collapse of talks to resolve a row over unpaid bills. Supplies to southeastern Europe are disrupted for several weeks as a result of the dispute.

• While leaving a news conference, a human rights lawyer and journalist Stanislav Markelov was gunned down in Moscow.

• Number of victims of racist and neo-Nazi motivated violence

• Anastasia Baburova, a journalist for Novaya Gazeta who tried to come to Markelov's assistance, was also shot and killed in the attack.

• Russian human rights attorney Stanslav Markelov was shot in the back of the head with a silenced pistol as he left a press conference at which he announced his intention to sue the Russian government

• Ivan Khutorskoy, former punk singer and head of security for anti-fascist shows, was killed in a suburb of Moscow.

• Russian human rights journalist and activist Natalia Estemirova, a single mother of a teenaged daughter, was abducted in front of her home in Grozny, Chechnya, spirited across the border into Ingushetia, shot and dumped in a roadside gutter.

• 2003-2013 Yukos oil boss and prominent liberal Mikhail Khodorkovsky arrested on charges of tax evasion and fraud, an early casualty of President Putin's campaign to drive Yeltsin-era 'oligarchs' out of politics. In 2005 he is sentenced to nine years imprisonment, and is pardoned and goes into exile in 2013.

• 1999-2009 Second Chechen War, Hundreds of civilians are killed and tens of thousands are left homeless as civilian targets are attacked.

• 2009- North Caucasus Insurgency

• 2007- War in Ingushetia

• 2000- Chechen Insurgency

• 1948- Involvement to Arab-Israeli Conflict

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