1991

Soviet coup d'état attempt

• Estonia. The Estonian Sovereignty Declaration was issued on 16 November 1988. On 20 August 1991, Estonia declared formal independence during the Soviet military coup attempt in Moscow, reconstituting the pre-1940 state. The Soviet Union recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September 1991. The first country to diplomatically recognise Estonia's reclaimed independence was Iceland. The last units of the Russian army left on 31 August 1994.

• Latvia. The Republic of Latvia was founded on 18 November 1918. However, its de facto independence was interrupted at the outset of World War II. In 1940, the country was forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union, invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, and re-occupied by the Soviets in 1944 to form the Latvian SSR for the next fifty years. The peaceful Singing Revolution, starting in 1987, called for Baltic emancipation of Soviet rule. It ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and Latvia declared the restoration of its de facto independence on 21 August 1991

• 1991–1992 South Ossetia War

• 1991-1993 Georgian Civil War

• 1988-1994 Nagorno-Karabakh War

• 1987-1991 Singing Revolution, Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians

• 1979-1992 Soviet involvement in Salvadoran Civil War

• 1977-1991 Soviet involvement in Cambodian-Vietnamese War

• 1977-1992 Soviet involvement in Mozambican Civil War

• 1974-1991 Soviet involvement in Ethiopian Civil War

• 1974-2002 Soviet involvement in Angolan Civil War

• 1960-1996 Soviet involvement in Guatemalan Civil War

• 1940-1991 Soviet Occupation and annexation of Estonia

• 1940-1991 Soviet Occupation and annexation of Latvia

• 1940-1991 Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

• 1800-2001 Russia annexing Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (Eastern Georgia) and deposing the Bagratids

• 1948- Involvement to Arab-Israeli Conflict

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