1941

Estonia. Some 34,000 Estonians were drafted into the Red Army, of whom less than 30% survived the war. No more than half of those men were used for military service, the rest perished in Gulag concentration camps and labour battalions, mainly in the early months of the war

• 107,000 "Counter-revolutionaries and nationalists" deported from Ukrainian SSR, Byelorussian SSR, Moldavian SSR, Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR to Siberia, Kirov (Russian SFSR), Komi (Russian SFSR), Kazakh SSR

• Poland, Grodno. The NKVD executed several dozen people at the local prison. The mass execution of the remaining 1,700 prisoners was not possible due to the advance of the German army and hurried retreat of the NKVD executioners.

• Ukraine, Rutchenkovo Field Massacre, NKVD executed political prisoners

• Poland, Berezwecz. The NKVD executed approximately 800 prisoners, most of them Polish citizens. Several thousands more perished during a death march to Nikolaevo near Ulla

• Ukraine, Dubno. All the prisoners, including women and children, were executed in Dubno's three-story prison

• Estonia. A school boy named Tullio Lindsaar had all of the bones in his hands broken then was bayoneted for hoisting the flag of Estonia

• Ukraine, Berezhany (Brzeżany) near Ternopil. The crew of the local NKVD prison has executed without a trial approximately 300 Polish citizens, among them a large number of Ukrainians

• Estonia. More than 300,000 citizens of Estonia, almost a third of the population at the time, were affected by deportations, arrests, execution and other acts of repression. As a result of the Soviet takeover, Estonia permanently lost at least 200,000 people or 20% of its population to repression, exodus and war.

• Ukraine, Kharkiv. 8,000 NKVD inmates along with interned Polish officers were executed on the outskirts of Kharkiv in the area of Piatykhatky, Kharkiv Oblast and buried on the grounds of a NKVD summer hostel

• Ukraine, Lutsk. The Soviet authorities promised amnesty to all political prisoners, in order to prevent escapes. As they lined up outside they were machine-gunned by Soviet tanks. They were told: "Those still alive get up." Some 370 stood up and were forced to bury the dead, after which they were murdered as well. The Nazi foreign ministry claimed 1500 Ukrainians were killed while the SS and Nazi military intelligence claimed 4000

• Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk. More than 500 men, women and children were executed by NKVD

• Ukraine, Lviv. The NKVD executed several thousand inmates in a number of provisional prisons. Among the common methods of extermination were shooting the prisoners in their cells, killing them with grenades thrown into the cells or starving them to death in the cellars. Some were simply bayoneted to death. It is estimated that over 4000 people were murdered that way

• NKVD prisoner massacres were a series of mass executions carried out by the Soviet NKVD secret police primarily Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states, Bessarabia and other parts of the Soviet Union. Estimates on the death toll vary between locations leading to a total of 100,000 or more victims

• Chervyen, near Minsk, Belorussia. The NKVD started the evacuation of all prisons in Minsk. Between June 24 and June 27, several thousand people were killed in Cherven and during the death marches

• Estonia. All residents of the village of Viru-Kabala were killed including a two-year-old child and a six-day-old infant

• Estonia. Mauricius Parts, son of the Estonian War of Independence veteran Karl Parts, was doused in acid

• Ukraine, Sambir. NKVD killed 570

• Ukraine, Vinnitsa. over 9,000 executed by Russian NKVD

• Ukraine, Simferopol. The NKVD shot a number of people in the NKVD building and in the city prison

• Ukraine, Yalta. The NKVD shot all the prisoners in the city prisons

• Poland, Vileyka. Several dozen people, mostly political prisoners, sick, and wounded, were executed prior to the departure of the Soviet guards

• Germany invades the Soviet Union

• Estonia. The Russian destruction battalions murdered 1,850 people in Estonia. Almost all of them were partisans or unarmed civilians.

• Russia, Oryol. Over 150 political prisoners (among them Christian Rakovsky, Maria Spiridonova and Olga Kameneva) were executed in Medvedevsky Forest near Oryol.

• June Uprising in Lithuania, Lithuanians against Soviet Russia

• Poland. Roughly half a million of people were arrested, more than 90% of them being males. Many died in prisons from torture or neglect. Methods of torture included scalding victims in boiling water and cutting off ears, noses and fingers. The NKVD shot some 9,817 imprisoned Polish citizens in 1941

• Estonia, Tartu. Almost 250 detainees were shot in Tartu prison and the Gray House courtyard; their bodies were dumped in makeshift graves and in the prison well

• Estonia, Kautla massacre. The Red Army killed more than 20 civilians and burnt their farms.

• The Volga German ASSR was abolished, and Russia's German population was almost entirely banished to Kazakhstan, Altai Krai and other remote areas.

• Latvia, Litene. 120 Latvian Army officers were driven to the woods in the belief they were on a training mission. On arrival they were disarmed, tied up and executed by the NKVD

• Ukraine, Feodosiya. Most of the German military personnel had been murdered. Wounded soldiers had been thrown out of the windows of the hospital to make room for Russian wounded. Water was then poured on the near dead bodies and then left to freeze. On the beach, piles of bodies were found where they were thrown from a wall several metres high after being beaten and mutilated, their bodies left in the surf so that the sea water froze and covered them with a sheet of ice. There were some twelve survivors who had hidden in cellars when the Russian troops arrived. Their testimony before a German court of inquiry confirmed that some 160 wounded soldiers were liquidated this way

• Lithuania, Vilnius. The NKVD murdered a large number of prisoners of the infamous Lukiškės Prison

• Lithuania, Rainiai near Telšiai. Up to 79 political prisoners were killed in what is called the Rainiai massacre

• Lithuania, Pravieniškės prison, near Kaunas. The NKVD murdered 260 political prisoners and all Lithuanian working personnel in the prison.

• Poland, Broniki. Around 180 German soldiers of the 2nd and 6th Infantry Regiments and the 5th Artillery Regiment were taken prisoner by the Red Army in the town of Broniki. Most were suffering from battle wounds. Next day, the 2nd of July, advancing Wehrmacht troops discovered 153 bodies in a clover field near the town. All had been brutally murdered

• Poland. Around 35 thousand Polish prisoners were killed either in prisons or on prison trail to the Soviet Union

• Poland, Dem'ianiv Laz. At least 524 Polish captives (including 150 women with dozens of children) were shot by the NKVD and buried in several mass graves dug by the prisoners themselves in a small gorge outside of the city

• 91,000 Ingrian Finns and Germans deported from Leningrad Oblast (Russian SFSR) to Kazakh SSR, Siberia, Astrakhan Oblast (Russian SFSR), Far East

• Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran: Three Soviet armies invaded Iran from the north.

• 1941-1942 More than 780,000 Germans deported from Povolzhye, the Caucasus, Crimea, Ukrainian SSR, Moscow, central Russian SFSR to Kazakh SSR, Siberia

• 1941-1944 Finland. Soviet partisan units conducted raids deep inside Finnish territory, attacking villages and other civilian targets. The partisans usually executed their military and civilian prisoners after a minor interrogation

• 1941-1949 Nearly 3.3 million people were deported to Siberia and the Central Asian republics

• 1941–1946 Invasion to Northern Iran

• 1941-1944 Continuation War, Finland / Karelia

• 1941-1944 Finland. Around 3,500 Finnish prisoners of war, of whom five were women, were captured by the Red Army. Their mortality rate is estimated to have been about 40 percent. The most common causes of death were hunger, cold and oppressive transportation

• 1941-1945 World War II

• 1940-1991 Occupation and annexation of Estonia

• 1940-1991 Occupation and annexation of Latvia

• 1940-1991 Occupation and annexation of Lithuania. The Soviet annexation resulted in mass terror, the destruction of civil liberties, the economic system and Lithuanian culture.

• 1940-1953 More than 200,000 people are estimated to have been deported from the Baltic States by the Soviet regime

• 1940-1941 Lithuania. Thousands of Lithuanians were arrested and hundreds of political prisoners were arbitrarily executed. More than 17,000 people were deported to Siberia

• 1940-1951 The Soviet deportations of 400 000 people from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

• 1940-1991 Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

• 1940–1944 Insurgency in Chechnya, Chechens and Ingush people

• 1939-1956 Polish resistance movement

• 1939-1941 1.45 million people inhabiting the region of Poland were deported by the Soviet regime

• 1938-1953 Russia, Butovo firing range. Location where more than 20,000 political prisoners were shot during the Great Terror of the Soviet Union

• 1938-1941 Russia, Communarka shooting ground. Site of NKVD mass shootings, 10,000 people were killed and buried there

• 1937-1945 Second Sino-Japanese War

• 1937-1941 Belorus, Kurapaty. 250,000 people were executed during the Great Purge by the Soviet secret police, the NKVD.

• 1937-1941 Russia, Communarka shooting ground. NKVD mass shootings in the Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug. 10,000 people were killed and buried there.

• 1932-1941 Conflicts with Japan

• 1800-2001 Russia annexing Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (Eastern Georgia) and deposing the Bagratids

#19151964