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1600-1800 The Yukaghir population was considerably reduced in the 17th-19th centuries owing to epidemics, internecine warfare and the colonization policy of the tsarist government

• 1600-1700 When the Russians did not obtain the demanded amount of yasak from the natives, the Governor of Yakutsk, Piotr Golovin, who was a Cossack, used meat hooks to hang the native men. In the Lena basin, 70% of the Yakut population died within 40 years, and rape and enslavement were used against native women and children in order to force the natives to pay the Yasak

• 1618-1648 The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648 lasting for thirty years. It was one of the longest, most destructive conflicts in European history.

• The Cossacks exploited the Evenki clan hierarchy and took hostages from the highest members in order to ensure payment of the tax

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