1610

1598-1613 Moscow lost control of much of the southern area. Various towns were sacked by the Poles, Tatars and Zaporozhian Cossacks.

• 1600-1800 The Yukaghir population was considerably reduced in the 17th--19th centuries owing to epidemics, internecine warfare and the colonization policy of the tsarist government

• 1600-1700 When the Russians did not obtain the demanded amount of yasak from the natives, the Governor of Yakutsk, Piotr Golovin, who was a Cossack, used meat hooks to hang the native men. In the Lena basin, 70% of the Yakut population died within 40 years, and rape and enslavement were used against native women and children in order to force the natives to pay the Yasak

• 1602-1623 Khiva wars.

• 1605-1618 Polish–Muscovite War

• 1607-1610 The Tungus fought strenuously for their independence, but were subdued by Russians around 1623.

• 1609–1611 Siege of Smolensk

• 1610-1617 Ingrian War, Sweden/Ingria/Estonia/Livonia attacked by Russians. The Ingrian War between Sweden and Russia, which lasted between 1610 and 1617 and can be seen as part of Russia's Time of Troubles, is mainly remembered for the attempt to put a Swedish duke on the Russian throne. It ended with a large Swedish territorial gain in the Treaty of Stolbovo which laid an important foundation to Sweden's Age of Greatness.

• Battle of Klushino. Seven thousand Polish cavalrymen defeated a vastly superior Muscovite force at Klushino.

• Vasili was overthrown. A group of nobles, the Seven Boyars, replaced him at the head of the government.

• Hermogenes, the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, urged the Muscovite people to rise against the Poles.

• False Dmitriy II was shot and beheaded by one of his entourage.

• The De la Gardie Campaign refers to the actions of a 15,000-strong Swedish military unit, commanded by Jacob De la Gardie and Evert Horn in alliance with the Russian commander Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618). The campaign was a result of an alliance between Charles IX of Sweden and Vasili IV of Russia, made in Viborg in 1609, whereby the latter promised to cede the County of Kexholm to Sweden.

The combined Russo-Swedish forces set out from Novgorod late in 1609 and marched towards Moscow, relieving the Siege of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra on their way. They dispersed the supporters of False Dmitry II, who maintained an alternative court in Tushino near Moscow and challenged the authority of Vasily IV. In the aftermath, some of the Tushino boyars summoned Wladyslaw IV to lay his claim to the Russian throne, while Skopin-Shuisky was poisoned at the behest of his uncle and rival, Prince Dmitry Shuisky.

When arrived to Moscow in early 1610 this Swedish army unit suppressed the rebellion in Moscow organised against Tsar and took control over Moscow.

In June 1610, De la Gardie and Dmitry Shuisky departed from Moscow in order to lift Żółkiewski's Siege of Smolensk. The campaign ended with most of De la Gardie's forces being destroyed by the Polish hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski at the Battle of Klushino in 1610. The De la Gardie Campaign can be considered a prelude to the Ingrian War.

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