1563

Muscovy seizes the old territory of the Livonian Order from Poland-Lithuania : When the Russo-Lithuanian truce expired in 1562, Ivan IV rejected Sigismund's offer of an extension. The Tsar had used the period of the truce to build up his forces in Livonia, and invaded Lithuania. His army raided Vitebsk and, after a series of border clashes, took Polotsk : Russia then launched a campaign against Lithuania, capturing Polotsk in February 1563 and threatening further invasion against Vilnius, the capital city.

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