1440

Mari El was incorporated into the Khanate of Kazan and was occupied by the Tsardom of Russia

• The Veliki Kttyaz Zhidimont (Sigismund) Kestutievichoi Lithuania was murdered in Lithuania by Olexander Chertoriski and his brother Ivan: he had ruled nine years. This Knyaz was cruel and unmerciful, and moreover a covetous man; he ruined many Lithuanian Knyazes, drowning some and putting others to the sword. And he destroyed not a few of the Boyars and landowners mercilessly; for that reason did God send him this cruel death. And so because of his wickedness they did not support his son Mikhail, and all the Lithuanian and Russian towns chose Kasimir, Yagoilo's- son, for their Veliki Knyaz, and they set him on the throne in Vilna quietly and without any disturbance.

• The same year Polotsk was entirely burnt down.

• And Knyaz Yuri Simeonovich left Novgorod the Great for Lithuania, and the Veliki Knyaz Kasimir gave him back all his patrimony : Mstislavl and Krichev, and not a few other towns and districts; but having grown proud, he occupied Smolensk and Polochesk and Vitebsk, which brought him no advantage, and the people broke out in great tumult and conflict. The same autumn he took fright seeing his own audacity, that he had acted unwisely, and fled to Moscow.

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